AAAS Science and Policy Fellowships Each year the American Association for the Advancement of Science runs a very well-respected Fellowship program that places individuals with a PhD in scientific field in an office in a US Government Agency. This is a terrific way for psychologists to gain practical experience working for the US Government in a variety of positions. In the fall, the AAAS website lists detailed information about how to apply for the Fellowships. Otherwise, their website lists a contact person for more information.
APA Policy Fellowships and Internships Each year APA awards roughly 5 Policy fellowships. The majority of these involve placement in a Congressional Office for a year. These Fellowships provide invaluable insight into the process by which laws are created in the US and enables Fellowship holders to learn how to influence this process.